Controlled mechanical ventilation system with air mixing unit

专利摘要:
The object of the present invention is a system comprising a controlled mechanical ventilation unit VMC and an air mixing unit (1), connected downstream of said VMC unit. Such mixing unit (1) comprises: - an inlet plenum (2) with a first opening (2.1) in direct fluid connection with the delivery duct (P.R) of the fresh air flow (R) coining from the VMC, and a second opening (2.2), equipped with closing means (2.3), provided for the inlet of the recirculating air flow (X); - a fan (3), operated or not according to the system energy needs; - one or more heat exchangers (4), fed by heat transfer fluids coming from thermal sources external to the system; - an outlet plenum (5) in direct communication with the distribution ducts (6) for sending the processed air flow (A) towards the destination environments.
公开号:ES2881859A2
申请号:ES202190058
申请日:2020-03-25
公开日:2021-11-30
发明作者:Lorenzo Marra
申请人:Ariston Thermo SpA；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0002] Controlled mechanical ventilation system with mixing unit
[0004] The present invention refers to a system that comprises an air mixing unit associated with a controlled mechanical ventilation system, endowed with innovative features for better management of air flows towards the destination environments.
[0006] The invention is part of the sector of controlled mechanical ventilation systems, increasingly used in the construction sector due to the high capacity to ensure the comfort and energy efficiency of buildings.
[0008] The typical operation of a controlled mechanical ventilation unit (hereinafter abbreviated as "VMC unit") is known to those skilled in the art; Its main features are briefly described here, for the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of the present invention.
[0010] In a classic dual flow VMC unit (which is the type of VMC we are discussing here, as it is the most common and energy efficient) there are at least the following major components:
[0012] - Ventilation ducts, both inlet (from the outside of the building to the rooms intended to receive fresh air flows) and outlet;
[0013] - A heat exchanger in which the cross-flows of exhaust air and intake air flow inwards, recovering thermal energy from the first flow to heat (in cold seasons) or cool (in warm seasons) the second flow;
[0014] - Ceiling or wall vents or grilles that allow the entry or expulsion air to pass through.
[0016] In this type of VMC units, the heat exchanger assumes the role of heat recuperator of the exhaust air and the VMC Unit that integrates it is also known as "passive VMC" (see, for example, prior art documents DE 10315802 and DE 4408096); However, other types of VMC are known, in which the heat exchange derived from the crossing of two air flows is added by the calorific contribution from a cycle thermodynamic, carried out by a heat pump integrated within the VMC unit itself or from an external heat pump.
[0018] Examples of this type are described in patents WO 02/065026 and DE 19836891, the first of which relates to a heat pump air conditioning system comprising a passive VMC unit and a separate air-water heat pump, and the second refers to a heat pump integrated within the same VMC unit.
[0020] Another example of a similar system that includes a VMC unit and an external heat source is that of patent DE 102009056097, in which the VMC unit is coupled to a thermal system with solar energy.
[0022] Both the passive VMC unit and thermodynamics (with the distinctions between the two systems in terms of cost, volume and efficiency, which are higher in the second type of VMC unit) allow to obtain the typical advantages of said system, ensuring a constant exchange of the air inside the building, with the consequent elimination of odors, water vapors and other polluting agents from the environments, and the control of temperature and humidity within the interior environments.
[0024] Other advantages related to the use of a VMC unit resides in the possibility of filtering and treating the intake air, which offers benefits to those who suffer from allergies and pathologies that affect the respiratory system.
[0026] In addition to the aforementioned advantages in terms of thermo-hygrometric and hygienic-sanitary behavior, greater acoustic comfort is obtained with the VMC unit thanks to the reduction of contamination by external noise, since there is no need to open the windows frequently to ventilate the rooms; at the same time the system, if properly designed and dimensioned, is acoustically imperceptible.
[0028] However, systems with VMC units are not free from certain disadvantages, mainly associated with the need to have the air intake and delivery pipes equipped with appropriate insulation to avoid heat dispersion, which would affect the energy bill. global: this produces an increase in costs, as well as the expansion of volumes and dimensions necessary for the installation, This is not always easy, considering the small target spaces (usually false ceilings).
[0030] The object of this invention is to obviate this type of disadvantage by providing a system that comprises an air mixing unit positioned downstream of a passive VMC unit for the optimized management of air flows destined for the building environments.
[0032] Another object is to indicate the means for a simple and inexpensive implementation for a reduction of the installation spaces of the system.
[0034] Another object of the invention is to provide said devices to further increase the acoustic comfort of the building, reducing the sound emissions produced by the system.
[0036] These and other objects, which will be clarified below, are achieved with a system comprising a passive VMC unit downstream of which an air mixing unit is located, according to claim 1, and with operating methods of the system of according to claim 7 and following.
[0038] Other objects can also be achieved by the additional features of the dependent claims.
[0040] Other characteristics of the present invention will be better explained by the following description of a preferred embodiment, according to the patent claims and illustrated only by way of non-limiting examples, in the attached tables with drawings, in which:
[0042] - Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the system comprising a VMC unit and an air mixing unit according to a first operating mode according to the invention;
[0043] - Fig. 2 illustrates the system of Fig. 1 according to a second operating mode of the system according to the invention;
[0044] - Figs. 3.a, 3.b, 3.c are enlarged details of three possible shapes of the valves from which the air flows and which derive from the system according to the invention and are intended to be evacuated from the destination environments.
[0045] The characteristics of a preferred variant of the system comprising the VMC unit and the air mixing unit according to the invention are described below using the references contained in the figures. It is emphasized that, hereinafter, the term "flow" means the flow rate of the air flow through the various components of the system.
[0047] Figure 1 shows the system in its entirety, which comprises a classic VMC ventilation unit, of the passive type, that is, intended to recover heat from the stale air flow H expelled from the rooms most polluted by odors and humidity (in general, kitchens and bathrooms).
[0049] According to the prior art, this VMC ventilation unit (hereinafter abbreviated as "VMC unit") comprises a heat exchanger VMC.HE that acts as a heat recuperator (and consists, for example, of a static plate-flow recuperator crossed) in which the air flows adduced through the following ducts flow towards:
[0051] - an intake duct PH of the stale air flow H, sucked by a fan F.OUT towards said heat exchanger VMC.HE to be sent, later to the heat exchanger, towards the exterior of the building as exhaust air flow E through a PE outlet conduit;
[0052] - an inlet duct PF of the fresh air flow F taken from outside and directed to said exchanger VMC.HE to be sent to the indoor environments, after the heat exchanger, as fresh air flow R through a supply duct PR, pushed by a F.IN.
[0054] In the schematic example of Fig. 1, said VMC unit is therefore provided with two fans, F.OUT and F.IN, located respectively in the ducts PH, PR adapted to suck in the stale air flow H in expulsion and to push the flow of fresh air R into the noble rooms of the building, usually the bedrooms and the living room. However, the presence of additional fans can be provided to assist and increase the flow rate of said air flows, mounting them respectively in the aforementioned outlet PE and inlet PF ducts.
[0055] According to the present invention, the fresh air flow R obtained at the outlet of the VMC unit described above flows towards an air mixing unit 1 (hereinafter abbreviated "mixing unit 1"), located downstream of said VMC unit and connected in series with respect to it, in fact, interposing itself between said VMC unit and the distribution ducts 6 to send the air flows towards the destination rooms. As can be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the mixing unit 1 has a box-shaped structure, in which the following constituent zones and elements are identified (indicated according to the order of spatial arrangement starting from the one most contiguous to the supply duct PR of the fresh air flow R leaving the unit VMC):
[0057] - an inlet chamber 2, comprising:
[0058] - a first opening 2.1 in a direct fluid connection with said supply conduit P.R of the flow of fresh air R coming from the VMC unit, and
[0059] - a second opening 2.2, equipped with closing means 2.3, provided for the entry of the recirculation air flow X that comes from the room in which said mixing unit 1 is installed (or from other rooms connected to said mixing unit 1) ;
[0060] - a fan 3, working or not according to the energy needs of the system, as will be explained later;
[0061] - one or more heat exchangers 4, among which, for example, there is a direct expansion coil or an air-water exchanger (hereinafter "heat exchange coil 4" or "coil 4"), fed by liquids heat transfer from one or more sources external to the system, not illustrated in the figure, such as, for example, hot or chilled water, supplied by a boiler or a chiller or by means of a heat pump, condensation liquid or from evaporation from a heat pump, domestic hot water recirculated from a water heater;
[0062] - an outlet chamber 5 representing the outlet area of the mixing unit 1, in direct communication with the ducts 6 to send the flow of processed air A towards the destination environments.
[0064] By "processed air A" should be understood the air flow obtained when leaving said mixing unit 1, resulting in various ways in terms of flow rate and calorific input according to the desired thermo-hygrometric changes in the target environments and according to with the different operating modes of the system, described more ahead.
[0066] To guarantee such thermo-hygrometric conditions, it is sometimes sufficient that the flow of processed air A is equal to the flow of fresh air R, while for heavier energy loads a higher flow is necessary, that is, equal to the flow of fresh air R plus some recirculation airflow X.
[0068] Returning to the details of said mixing unit 1, the second opening 2.2 of said inlet chamber 2 is provided with closing means 2.3, such as, for example, a check valve that is closed by the force of gravity and / or by the pressure exerted by the supply fan F.IN of the VMC unit or by means of a motorized damper, adapted to prevent the return of the flow of fresh air R coming from the VMC unit and which creates a pressure in said inlet chamber 2.
[0070] The flow of processed air A leaving said mixing unit 1 is transferred to the distribution ducts 6 towards the destination rooms, preferably with the help of special air valves 7 (located in chamber 5 of the mixing unit 1, or integrated into or in proximity of any diffusion ventilation 8 towards said rooms, or, again, in any part of said distribution ducts 6).
[0072] According to the prior art, said air valves 7 can consist of manual or motorized calibration gates, controllable in modulation mode, to regulate the flow rate of the processed air A inside the ducts 6 by rotating the respective fins 7.2 or of an equivalent vane 7.2 or another technically equivalent mobile blind 7.2, although the reference in this document always refers, also for graphic simplicity, to a vane 7.2.
[0074] According to the present invention, said air valves 7 can be designed in such a way that the passage of a minimum flow of processed air A is always guaranteed, even when the air valve is closed, that is, when the vane 7.2 is perpendicular to the flow of said processed air A.
[0076] According to a main variant, which is not illustrated in the figure, said object is achieved through the provision of a hole made in the center of the blade 7.2 of the air valve 7, a device that allows to obtain a double order of advantages: makes the changes of flow rate of the processed air A, less evident in the transition between the different stages of rotation of the blade 7.2 and, above all, it acts as an accelerator of said flow, directing it above all towards the center of the target room.
[0078] Detailed Figures 3.a, 3.b and 3.c show, by way of example, three other variants of the air valve 7 that are alternatives to the main variant just mentioned of the central orifice for the passage of a minimum flow rate of the air valve. processed air flow A, also with air valve 7 closed.
[0080] In the example of Fig. 3.a, said always open passage is represented by an opening 7.1 obtained in a part of the vane 7.2; In the example of Fig. 3.b, on the contrary, the minimum flow rate of the processed air flow A is ensured by the passage 7.1 defined by a part of the vane 7.1 that has a length that does not reach the side wall of the duct 6; Finally, in the example of Fig. 3.c, the rotation of the vane 7.2 is blocked in a position just enough to allow the flow of processed air A to pass through two lateral passages defined by the vane 7.2 and duct walls 6.
[0082] According to the invention, the system comprising the VMC unit and the mixing unit 1 described above is adapted to operate in accordance with several operating modes, each of which produces a different flow of processed air A in terms of flow rate and content. caloric, depending on whether or not the constituent elements of said mixing unit 1 are operative and according to the energy needs of the system.
[0084] It is understood that what is briefly described applies to the use of the system in hot and cold seasons, the flow of processed air A is the result of energetic components that respectively target the heating or cooling of said processed air A.
[0086] Such operating modes of the system that is the object of the present invention are summarized below. All of them have as a common denominator a first step that consists in that an inflow of fresh air R comes from the VMC unit (at least in the minimum quantities required by the hygienic and sanitary standards), it flows to the mixing unit 1 through of the first opening 2.1 of the inlet chamber 2.
[0087] Zero Mode: this mode is provided when the thermo-hygrometric conditions of the environment do not substantially need to be actively modified by the coil 4, and it is only necessary to guarantee the flow of fresh air R after being treated in the VMC unit.
[0089] In this case, said battery 4 is not operational and the fan 3 is not working: the flow of fresh air R from the inlet chamber 2 to the outlet chamber 5 through said battery 4 and then to the destination rooms remains Guaranteed only by the F.IN supply fan of the VMC unit.
[0091] Said fresh air flow R can however be considered as consisting of processed air flow A, since when passing through the VMC unit, it undergoes thermohygometric changes: however, in Zero Mode, the processed air flow A it has a flow rate and thermal power substantially similar to the fresh air flow R coming from the VMC unit, since there is no mixing with the recirculation air flow X or heat exchange through coil 4.
[0093] A variant of the system, not illustrated in the figure, but useful for said Zero Mode of Operation, can have the opening of a bypass duct of the battery duct 4, so as not to subject said flow of fresh air R to unnecessary pressure drops due to the same battery 4, when not working.
[0095] First Mode: the First Operating Mode is applied when the passage of fresh air flow R through coil 4 is sufficient to produce the flow of processed air A towards the thermohygometric conditions necessary for the target environments.
[0097] In this First Mode, the fan 3 of the mixing unit remains off and only the flow of fresh air R passes through the coil 4 to be subjected to heat exchange with the heat transfer liquids from one or more heat sources. external.
[0099] The second opening 2.2 of the inlet chamber 2 is closed by the closing means 2.3, so that the flow of fresh air R cannot leave there.
[0100] The processed air A thus obtained passes through the outlet chamber 5 to be transported to the destination rooms by the distribution ducts 6.
[0102] According to this First Operating Mode, the fan 3 is not operated and said processed air A is only the result of the flow of fresh air R coming from the VMC unit, energetically added through the calorific supply that derives from the heat exchange carried out by the battery 4.
[0104] Second Mode: The Second Operating Mode is applied when the fresh air flow R is not sufficient to produce the processed air flow A in the thermohygometric conditions required by the target environments.
[0106] In this Second Operating Mode, the fan 3 is running and increases the flow rate of the fresh air flow R coming from the VMC unit, which also causes the recirculation air flow X to flow to the mixer unit 1 through the second opening 2.2 of its inlet chamber 2 (which in the First Mode was closed by means of closing 2.3).
[0108] The mixture of the two air flows, fresh R and recirculation air X then passes through coil 4, where heat exchange occurs: in this Second Operating Mode, the processed air A directed to the outlet chamber 5 of the mixing unit 1 and from here to the destination rooms through the ducts 6 is therefore the result of the mixing of the fresh air flows R and the recirculation air X, said mixture is added by the calorific contribution derived from the heat exchange provided by the battery 4.
[0110] Third Mode: finally, according to a Third Operating Mode, the fan 3 of the mixing unit 1 is activated and there is a mixture of the two air flows, the fresh air R and the recirculation air X, as in the Second Operating mode, previously described.
[0112] However, in this Third Mode, the battery 4 is not operational and said mixture passes through it without undergoing any heat exchange, to be transported as a flow of processed air A towards the destination environments through the ducts of distribution 6.
[0114] Basically, in this Third Mode, the flow of processed air A is the result of mixing enter the fresh air flow R with the addition of the calorific input provided by the recirculation air flow X only.
[0116] A variant of the system, which is not illustrated in the figure but which is useful in this Third Operating Mode, can provide the opening of a bypass duct of the battery 4, so as not to subject said mixture of the flows of fresh air R and of recirculation air X at useless pressure drops through the same battery 4 not operating.
[0118] The operating modes of the system, object of the present invention, can be summarized in the following table, which identifies the content of the processed air flow A according to the activation or non-activation of the constituent elements of the mixing unit 1:
[0123] From the above description emerge the advantages that can be achieved with the system comprising the VMC unit and the mixing unit 1 according to the invention, the main one among said advantages refers to the possibility of reducing the necessary spaces for installation and costs. Relative: In effect, in a standard system with separate VMC units and after-treatment air units, it is necessary to provide two ducts in each target environment, one for the fresh air flow R and one for the flow of the recirculation air X, unlike the system described here, in which only one distribution duct 6 is sufficient for all target environments.
[0125] Furthermore, with respect to, for example, a system comprising a VMC unit with thermodynamic cycle, a VMC unit with thermodynamic cycle or a VMC unit with attached air after-treatment unit, in the system described here only one exchange step occurs of heat with the coil 4 of the mixing unit 1 (thus reducing the necessary heat exchangers from two to one), instead of the double stage of heat exchange performed by both the thermodynamic cycle unit VMC of the prior art and by the known VMC unit with an attached aftertreatment unit.
[0127] Consequently, in the system described in this document, it is no longer necessary to provide the insulation of the supply duct PR towards the mixer unit 1, since it does not carry flows of fresh air R already heated or cooled and therefore there is no need for avoid the dispersion of the calorific power, which will be provided only later by the constituent elements of the mixing unit 1: this results in a significant reduction in costs and less installation space.
[0129] Finally, the system of the present invention, even with respect to systems comprising thermodynamic cycle VMC units, ensures the reduction of general noise during operating modes that do not require the fan 3 to be turned on.
[0131] It is clear that a person skilled in the art will see that several variants of the system described above are possible, without deviating from the novel scope of the inventive idea, as well as it is clear that, in the practical realization of the invention, the various components described they can be replaced by other technically equivalent ones. For example, it is clear that in the operating modes of the system where the fan 3 is active (that is, in the Second Mode and in the Third Mode described above) it can operate in a modulation mode already known in the art, that is to say , regulating the flow by varying the speed according to the number of open air valves 7 in the distribution ducts 6, and / or the degree of opening of the mobile blinds 7.2 and / or, in general, the heat demand required by each room individual destination.
[0133] Furthermore, the attached figures show the presence of a single mixing unit 1 located downstream of the VMC unit: however, more units can be provided mixers 1 located one for each area of the building or one for each room, connected in series to the same number of PR supply ducts leaving the VMC unit, even operating according to the same operating modes described above with respect to the variant with single mixing unit 1.

权利要求:
Claims (1)
[0001]
System comprising a controlled mechanical ventilation unit (VMC) and at least one air mixing unit (1), said ventilation unit (VMC) comprises:
- a heat exchanger (VMC.HE) through which the stale air (H) in expulsion flows from the interior and the fresh air (F) in the entrance flows from the outside of a building towards the interior through respective intake ducts (PH) and income (PF),
- at least one supply duct (P.R) leaving said ventilation unit (VMC) for the distribution of the flow of fresh air (R) towards said at least one air mixing unit (1),
characterized by what
said at least one air mixing unit (1) is located downstream of said ventilation unit (VMC), from where it receives said flow of fresh air (R) through said at least one supply duct (P.R),
said mixing unit (1) comprises a box-shaped structure that has inside, arranged in the order from upstream to downstream:
- an inlet chamber (2) comprising a first opening (2.1) in fluid connection with at least one said supply conduit (PR) and a second opening (2.2) with closing means (2.3) for the entry of the flow of recirculation air (X),
- a fan (3),
- a heat exchange battery (4) comprising one or more heat exchangers fed by heat transfer liquids that come from one or more heat sources external to the system,
- an outlet chamber (5) in communication with distribution ducts (6) to send the flow of processed air (A) from said mixing unit (1).
System according to the preceding claim,
characterized by what
said one or more thermal sources external to the system, whose heat transfer liquids supply said battery (4), comprise a boiler or a refrigerator or a heat pump or a water heater.
System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that
said closing means (2.3) of the second opening (2.2) of the inlet chamber (2) of said mixing unit (1) comprise a check valve that is closed by the effect of gravity and / or pressure, or by means of a motorized gate.
System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that
comprises air valves (7) in said distribution ducts (6) and / or in said outlet chamber (5) and / or in diffusion vents (8), said air valves (7) consist of a calibration gate motorized or manual, which is controllable in a modulating mode, and is provided with a movable blind (7.2).
System according to the preceding claim,
characterized by what
said air valves (7) comprise an opening (7.1) obtained in said mobile shutter (7.2), said opening (7.1) always remains open, even in the case in which said air valve (7) is closed.
Method of operation of the system comprising a controlled mechanical ventilation unit (VMC) and at least one air mixing unit (1) according to claims 1 to 5,
wherein the flow of fresh air (R) coming from said ventilation unit (VMC) enters said mixing unit (1) through the first opening (2.1) of the inlet chamber (2), and exits as flow of processed air (A) from the outlet chamber (5) to be taken to the destination rooms through the distribution ducts (6),
characterized by what
said flow of processed air (A) is obtained by following the transit of said flow of fresh air (R) through the coil (4) for heat exchange with heat transfer fluids from one or more heat sources external to said system.
Method of operation of the system according to claim 6, characterized in that
the fan (3) of said mixing unit (1) remains off and said flow of processed air (A) is the result of said flow of fresh air (R) with the addition of heat supply derived from heat exchange with said battery (4).
Method of operation of the system according to claim 6, characterized in that
the fan (3) of said mixing unit (1) turns on and said flow of processed air (A) is the result:
- of the mixture of said flow of fresh air (R) with the flow of recirculation air (X) that enters said mixing unit (1) through the second opening (2.2) of the inlet chamber (2),
- with the addition of the calorific contribution derived from the heat exchange with said battery (4).
Method of operation of the system comprising a controlled mechanical ventilation unit (VMC) and at least one air mixing unit (1) according to claims 1 to 5,
In which the flow of fresh air (R) that comes from said ventilation unit (VMC) enters said mixing unit (1) through said first opening (2.1) of the inlet chamber (2), and exits as flow of processed air (A) from the outlet chamber (5) to be transported to the destination rooms through the distribution ducts (6),
characterized by what
the coil (4) for heat exchange with heat transfer fluids from one or more heat sources external to said system is not operational and said flow of processed air (A) is obtained after sending said flow of air fresh (R) towards said outlet chamber (5).
Method of operation of the system according to claim 9, characterized in that
the fan (3) of said mixing unit (1) remains off and said flow of processed air (A) corresponds to said flow of fresh air (R).
11. Method of operation of the system according to claim 9,
characterized by what
the fan (3) of said mixing unit (1) is turned on and said flow of processed air (A) is the result of mixing said flow of fresh air (R) with the flow of recirculation air (X) that enters to said mixing unit (1) through the second opening (2.2) of the inlet chamber (2).
12. Method of operation of the system according to any of the claims from claim 9 onwards,
characterized by what
A bypass duct is provided that prevents the passage of said flow of fresh air (R) or of said mixture of flows of fresh air (R) and recirculation air (X) through said inoperative coil (4).
13. Method of operation of the system according to any of claims 8, 11 or 12,
characterized by what
said fan (3) of said mixing unit (1) operates in modulating mode, varying its speed according to the number of air valves (7) that are open in the distribution ducts (6) and / or the degree of opening of the movable shutter (7.2) and / or the heat demand required by the individual destination rooms.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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FR3094778B3|2021-04-23|

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DE212020000567U1|2021-12-14|

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IT201900005292A1|2020-10-05|

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FR3094778A3|2020-10-09|

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WO2020201820A1|2020-10-08|

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ES2881859R1|2021-12-07|

引用文献:

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DE10106975A1|2001-02-15|2002-09-26|Musial Bjoern Fabian|Air-water heat pump with heat recovery, supply air preheating and cooling|

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DE10315802B4|2003-03-31|2010-12-30|Uwe Hoffmann|Arrangement for supplying rooms in a building with tempered air|

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DE102009056097B4|2009-11-30|2017-12-21|Thomas Staib|Plant for supplementing a heating system|

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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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IT102019000005292A|IT201900005292A1|2019-04-05|2019-04-05|MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM CONTROLLED WITH AIR MIXING UNIT|

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PCT/IB2020/000113|WO2020201820A1|2019-04-05|2020-03-25|Controlled mechanical ventilation system with air mixing unit|

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